Corrosion thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm Natural Gas Pipelines
Petroleum thiab natural gas pipelines raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom xws li lawv tus kheej cov khoom zoo, thauj nruab nrab, nteg ib puag ncig, thiab kev tsim qauv. Corrosion ntawm cov kav xa dej yog qhov kev zam tsis tau vim yog cov xwm txheej no, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov roj thiab cov pa xau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, ib puag ncig, thiab kev lag luam.
Vim yog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev faib roj thiab roj nrog kev lag luam, kev faib cov peev txheej yuav tsum tau ua. Piv nrog rau lwm txoj kev thauj mus los, kev thauj mus los hauv cov raj xa dej muaj qhov zoo xws li tus nqi qis, kev ua haujlwm siab, siv sijhawm luv luv, kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj kuab paug, muaj peev xwm thauj ntau qhov nruab nrab, thiab muaj peev xwm hla ntau thaj tsam. Hauv Suav teb, kev thauj mus los hauv raj xa dej yog thawj txoj hauv kev rau kev thauj roj thiab roj av. Corrosion ntawm cov kav dej hlau tsis tuaj yeem zam tau vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab ib puag ncig, ua rau txo qis hauv cov kav dej hauv lub neej, kev cia siab, thiab kev nyab xeeb. Corrosion ntsig txog roj thiab roj xau tsis tsuas yog ua rau kev lag luam poob rau kev lag luam tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau ib puag ncig. Nrog rau kev paub txog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov roj thiab cov pa tawm mus rau ib puag ncig tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm pipeline corrosion thiab kev tiv thaiv tuav tseem ceeb heev.
Kab lus no tshawb txog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv corrosion, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv cathodic, corrosion inhibitor technology, anti-corrosion txheej thev naus laus zis, kho thev naus laus zis, thiab cov yeeb nkab sib xyaw tshuab. Nws nthuav tawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion feem ntau, suav nrog kev sim tshuab magnetic thiab ultrasonic coj yoj nrhiav kom tau thev naus laus zis. Cov kab lus categorizes thiab summarizes cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv corrosion thiab qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no.
1 Pipeline Corrosion Mechanism
1.1 Muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm cov kav xa dej corrosion: sab hauv corrosion thiab sab nraud corrosion. Cov khoom siv kav dej, thauj nruab nrab, ib puag ncig, kev tswj hwm, thiab kev tsim qauv yog qhov tseem ceeb ua rau cov kav xa dej corrosion.
1.2 Pipeline zoo yam: Tam sim no, roj thiab roj thauj feem ntau siv cov hlau uas muaj zog hlau zoo li cov khoom siv kav dej. Cov electrochemical, tshuaj, thiab lub cev los ntawm ib puag ncig ib puag ncig nruab nrab ntawm cov kav hlau steel tuaj yeem ua rau tsis ua haujlwm thiab corrosion.
1.3 Kev thauj mus los nruab nrab: Cov roj thiab roj nruab nrab feem ntau muaj cov khoom sib txuas xws li dej vapor, SO2, H2S, thiab CO2. Cov tshuaj tsim tawm hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua rau cov kav dej thaiv, ua rau muaj kev xeb ntxiv.
1.4 Ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb: Cov kav dej roj thiab roj feem ntau tau muab tso rau hauv av, nrog rau cov kav dej sab nrauv uas muaj cov av uas muaj dej, cov dej ntws tsis zoo, ntau cov ntsev, thiab cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob. Cov no ua rau cov tshuaj thiab electrochemical corrosion. Kev ntxhov siab thaum lub sij hawm thauj roj thiab roj ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ua rau cov kav dej xeb thiab cov pob txha me me. Kev nthuav dav mus ntev thiab kev cog lus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tawg loj. Kev yaig los ntawm cov roj thiab roj thiab cov dej nag sab nraud nthuav tawm cov hlau nto, ua rau corrosion.
1.5 Kev tswj hwm thiab tsim cov yam ntxwv: Kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj hwm thiab tsis ua raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb hauv kev tuav cov kav dej, kev tso chaw, thiab kev tsim kho tuaj yeem ua rau cov kav dej xeb.
2 Pipeline Corrosion Protection Techniques
2.1 Cathodic Protection Technology
Kev tiv thaiv Cathodic yog siv dav siv thiab paub tab cov roj thiab roj kav dej tiv thaiv tshuab. Nyob ntawm txoj kev siv hluav taws xob tam sim no, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kev tiv thaiv cathodic tam sim no thiab sacrificial anode cathodic tiv thaiv. Kev xaiv txoj kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum yog nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ib puag ncig thiab cov kav dej tsis zoo. Feem ntau, kev tiv thaiv cathodic tam sim no tau txais kev qhuas, siv cov khoom zoo xws li graphite los ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv cathodic.
2.2 Corrosion Inhibitor Technology
Corrosion inhibitor tiv thaiv mechanism: Corrosion inhibitors txo corrosion los ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj adsorbing polar pawg ntawm molecules, tsim ib txheej tiv thaiv ntawm cov kav dej. Lub cev adsorption muaj qhov zoo ntawm adsorption sai thiab qee qhov thim rov qab. Tshuaj adsorption nta muaj zog, irreversible adsorption nrog qeeb qeeb.
2.3 Anti-corrosion Txheej Technology
Anti-corrosion txheej yog ib qho yooj yim, ceev, thiab zoo corrosion tiv thaiv technology, tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev npaj yooj yim, tsis muaj nqi, thiab tsis muaj kev txwv rau thaj chaw. Ntxiv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv corrosion rau saum npoo ntawm cov roj thiab cov kav dej tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog cais tawm sab nraud tab sis kuj tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov nroj tsuag cov hauv paus hniav, zoo tiv thaiv corrosion. Muaj ntau hom kev tiv thaiv corrosion, xws li chav kub kho ceramic los tiv thaiv corrosion txheej, peb txheej txheej txheej, polyethylene nplaum nplaum, fused epoxy hmoov, roj av asphalt, extruded polyethylene, thee tar enamel, thiab epoxy coal tar, ntawm lwm tus. Kev tshawb fawb txog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv corrosion tshiab thiab cov khoom siv yog qhov kub kub hauv kev tiv thaiv hlau corrosion. Cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau corrosion kuj, tab sis kuj tseem ua haujlwm ntxiv xws li superhydrophobicity, tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj, kho tus kheej, kho cua sov, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob.
2.4 Kho Technology
Kev kho thev naus laus zis suav nrog kev siv primer rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, thiab cov ntaub qhwv sab nraud nrog polyethylene feem ntau yog siv los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm sab nraud ntawm cov kav dej, muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov kav dej thiab roj. Thaum qhov sib txawv tshwm sim hauv cov kav dej roj av, kho tshuab tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov kav dej. Kev kho cov thev naus laus zis muaj xws li kub asphalt pouring kho tshuab thiab polyethylene cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Kho thev naus laus zis ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov kav dej, vim qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho tuaj yeem ua rau cov kav dej tsis zoo.
2.5 Composite Pipe Technology
Cov yeeb nkab sib xyaw tshuab muaj qhov zoo xws li cov khoom siv zoo, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab kev lag luam, nrog ob-hlau lined composite kav yog feem ntau, muaj cov yeeb nkab hauv ob sab phlu thiab cov yeeb nkab sab nraud. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias qhov nruj ntawm ob-hlau lined composite kav nce nrog kev nce siab hauv siab thiab txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm expansion coefficient sib txawv ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv.
3 Pipeline Corrosion Detection thiab Prediction Methods
Vim yog qhov nyuaj thiab ntau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv uas cov roj av thiab cov kav dej ntuj tso, corrosion feem ntau mus undetected thaum nws tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, tsim nyog txoj kev tshawb nrhiav corrosion thiab kev kwv yees yuav tsum tau ua kom sai li sai tau los daws cov kav dej corroded, tiv thaiv cov roj thiab cov pa xau, thiab ua kom cov kav dej txuas ntxiv. Ntawm cov txheej txheem uas nquag siv yog cov cuab yeej sib nqus sib nqus thiab ultrasonic coj yoj yoj kom paub txog tshuab.
3.1 Magnetic Test Technology
Magnetic to detection yog ib txoj hauv kev uas siv cov hlau nplaum sib nqus kom pom tseeb qhov teeb meem ntawm cov raj xa dej los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov teeb liab inductively magnetic. Magnetic to detection thev naus laus zis yog qhov ua tau zoo thiab siv tau zoo hauv kev tshuaj xyuas tshuab, dav siv vim nws qhov zoo xws li kev txwv me me, kev siv dav, thiab kev lag luam.
3.2 Ultrasonic Coj Wave Leakage Detection Technology
Ultrasonic coj yoj yoj mus nrhiav kom tau yog ib qho uas tsis yog-khiav tsis-ua kom puas ntsoog technology. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog hais tias ultrasonic coj tsis propagated axially nyob rau hauv lub pipeline. Thaum muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lub raj xa dej ntawm qhov chaw hla ntu, tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig yuav tau txais lub suab nrov nrov, tso cai rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov kav dej. Piezoelectric ultrasonic detection tshuab yog dav siv los kuaj xyuas cov kav xa dej mus ntev ntawm cov kua xov xwm vim nws qhov zoo, xws li kev tshawb nrhiav ntev, ntsuas qhov ntau, thiab tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm electromagnetic.
3.3 Pipeline Corrosion Prediction Methods
Kev twv ua ntej ntawm cov kav xa dej corrosion yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug li kev tshawb nrhiav. Kev ua haujlwm zoo corrosion yog qhov kev pabcuam zoo rau kev tswj xyuas kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov kav dej, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv cov roj thiab cov pa tawm thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
4 Xaus Cov roj thiab cov kav xa hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab ib puag ncig. Nws muaj qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho hauv Tuam Tshoj cov roj av thiab cov nkev pipeline tiv thaiv tshuab. Ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv technology, thiab cov cuab yeej ntse tiv thaiv corrosion yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov roj thiab cov pa tawm los ntawm kev xeb, cov kev cai nruj rau cov kav dej zoo thiab vuam yog tsim nyog. Kev tshuaj xyuas kom meej thiab txhawb kev paub txog kev nyab xeeb nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov kav dej kuj tseem ceeb heev.
Tsis lees paub:
1. Qee cov duab nraaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog muab los ntawm Is Taws Nem thiab WeChat official account, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv muab yog rau kev kawm thiab siv lub hom phiaj nkaus xwb thiab tsis hais txog kev pom zoo ntawm cov kev xav tau nthuav tawm. Tsis muaj kev lees paub txog qhov raug, kev ntseeg tau, lossis ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
3. Yog tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog cov ntsiab lus, kev cai lij choj, lossis lwm yam teeb meem, thov hu rau peb hauv 30 hnub rau kev tshem tawm.